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Moore Financial Solutions Second Quarter 2022
Tyler Moore • July 8, 2022
The second quarter of 2022 reminded investors that volatility remains a function of long-term investing, as the broad stock market attempted to identify if the United States is headed into recession. As the S&P 500 posted another losing quarter, falling 16.45%, the market seemed to be pricing in a recession (1). The Federal Reserve moved interest rates higher to ease inflation while not showing much remorse for how financial markets were impacted. The Federal Reserve appears to be willing to slow the economy to avoid long term detrimental inflation. This Moore Financial Solutions quarterly review will detail the Federal Reserve’s actions, interest rate function/strategy, and how we aim to navigate the uncertainty moving forward. As I personally receive feedback from clients and aim to adjust to their needs, I am specifically tailoring this review to be more understandable to the client who holds less knowledge of financial markets/investment management.
By the time you reached high school, you likely learned that your life will be most comfortable when you set a budget and stick to it. You may budget $500 per month for your family to spend at the grocery store, and for years that number worked. Suddenly, that same $500 no longer allows you to enjoy the quality of foods you’ve grown used to. As you plan meals prior to going to the store you find it hard to determine which recipes include a good balance of nutrients and cost because prices are changing so rapidly. In addition, some items have increased in cost much more rapidly than alternatives, leaving you less confident in which to select. Comparatively, companies are making many of the same tough decisions, with little clarity on which direction prices are heading. These small choices that families are presented with, draw comparison to massive multimillion dollar long-term decisions corporations are making. These characteristics lead to uncertainty within both your family and corporations. You may ask, “why do I care about corporations, I hear their greed is the problem”? The answer is simple: You own the corporations! You own them in your accounts managed by Moore F.S., through your 401k, etc.
Clearly, when prices are increasing, this makes it tough for both large corporations and everyday families. Additionally, price instability is a huge concern and makes financial planning very challenging. We plan to detail how price instability occurs and the potential course of action to mitigate it.
Covid-19 sent shock waves through the system and created an imbalance to many individuals. Those in the service/hospitality industry were struggling to make ends meet, while those in the I.T. industry were saving money working from home. As it was difficult to determine quickly who needed help the most, direct payments went out to most Americans. These direct payments were a life support to some, while simply adding to the savings accounts of those who needed the payments less. In addition, an estimated
$2 Trillion in emergency aid was provided through the C.A.R.E.S. act and other emergency stimulus (2). As this emergency package of money seemed to be air-dropped into Americans’ laps, they continued to build their savings and pay down debt, a common strategy during times of fear/uncertainty. Months down the road the consumer strengthened, and Covid-19 appeared to be another challenge that we as Americans could overcome. Vaccines came out, Americans became confident in their natural immunities post-infection, and antivirals were released. Suddenly people felt like they got their groove back. As the now healthy consumer bounced back from living under their rock, they felt comfortable spending again, and with interest rates at near record lows, they were able to stretch their dollar when they elected to finance larger purchases. This large amount of money, competing for a limited amount of goods, quickly led to inflation. Inflation increased further with record gas prices and increased labor costs, as many pushed for a higher minimum wage. A higher minimum wage generally moves the majority of wages higher. Inflation is like a natural gas leak in your home, it needs fixed immediately to not lead to a much worse explosion (within the economy). Suddenly, a Federal Reserve that approximately 15 years ago was decreasing interest rates to put the economy on a steroid, is tasked with increasing interest rates. In addition to increasing rates to slow the economy, the Federal Reserve is reducing their balance sheet.
This effectively pulls money out of the economy, leading to less overall supply of money within the economy. The Federal Reserve can sell treasuries and similar units to pull money out of the economy. As monetary policy becomes more restrictive, individuals and corporations become more selective on where money is spent. This short-term (hopefully) slowing of the economy allows prices to stabilize.
Jerome Powell, the Federal Reserve Chair, has voiced a commitment to do whatever it takes to control inflation and has said the bigger risk is to fail to restore price stability (3). As interest rates rise and monetary policy becomes more restrictive, the stock market is taking a step back with the S&P 500’s first 6 months of 2022 returning negative 20.58% prior to dividends (4). The last 3 years the S&P 500 has returned 31.49%, 18.40% and 28.71 respectively, for years 2019-2021 (5).
Most clients want to know, “when will the pain end and what will make it end?” This answer is complex and regarded as difficult to answer, in our opinion. We remain optimistic that Jerome Powell is transparent and committed to his goal to do whatever it takes to beat inflation (6). This is far from an immediate win for the economy though, given his main tool to fight inflation is tighter monetary policy, which may involve a slowing of the economy. We feel additional optimism is drawn from the Federal Reserve being aggressive in the recent .75% interest rate increases, as opposed to a .25% increase, for example. We believe the Federal Reserve is having to be so aggressive because they were late to begin increasing rates, as they admit to some degree, they got it wrong that inflation was not just transitory (7). It is hard to determine when the pain of this bear market will end, as it seems to hinge on whether the United States will go into a recession, which hinges on if the Federal Reserve will tighten monetary policy enough to tamp down inflation without overshooting and sending the economy into unnecessary downturn. A recent Forbes article suggests bear markets historically last 449 days when they precede a recession, compared to 198 when a recession does not occur (8). In our opinion, if inflation readings can begin to show that Federal Reserve policy is having the desired effect, markets will begin to recover. Moreover, a Jerome Powell win regarding the velocity and trajectory of interest rate changes may keep the economy out of recession.
We understand that market volatility naturally creates discomfort and concern. It serves as a reminder that the stock market is not a money tree, and one must maintain an understanding of volatility at times. In 2022, we aim to implement strategy regarding conversions from IRAs to Roth IRAs for clients in which it is appropriate. Additionally, we are enacting a reallocation strategy from bonds to stocks, when appropriate. Contributing during lower markets remains a key priority to getting what you deserve once stock markets recover. We see current market contributions like piers driven the deepest in the construction of a bridge. While these piers take the most effort, they in turn bear the most weight. Comparatively, it may seem difficult to continue to contribute now but these contributions stand to make the most progress once markets recover.
I continue to manage each account individually and strive to put the upmost strategy and effort into getting you what you deserve. This month marks my 10th year in the industry, and I want to thank you for being a valued client of my firm. Whether I’ve been working with you for 10 years or 10 days, my goal is to make your investment experience comfortable in all market conditions. Some years my best influence on your money may be to lose less than the broad market by remaining diversified and not blindly following risks. As we are halfway through this year, only time will tell how it will end up. I’m proud to say that while some investment firms are trying to find a reason to put you into a new product, my goal is to always act in your best interests. It is with great pride to act as your fiduciary and navigate challenges together.
It is with great pleasure to work as your trusted advisor for another year! We hope you and your family had a Merry Christmas and you’re headed into a Happy New Year. To the surprise of some other financial firms, the stock market created sizable gains in 2024 with the S&P 500 increasing 23.3%, ironically within 1% of the year prior’s 24.23%. Additionally, that same market index returned a modest 2.06% in the fourth quarter of 2024, with all figures mentioned not including dividends (1). With Q4 of 2024 hosting one of the biggest elections of our lives, at least as described by some, we plan to discuss how our money management strategy evolves. We proudly stayed true to our strategy and didn’t decrease our allocation to stocks, while many other firms were selling covered calls and reducing their allocation to stocks as they incorrectly predicted a downturn in the markets for 2024. Even if you were living under a rock, you were likely informed that Donald Trump is headed back to the White House. We reference this change with the understanding that the leadership of current President Joe Biden is quite contrasting to the leadership we’ve seen from Donald Trump in the past, and his campaign promises. The Federal Reserve seemed to have had to slightly adjust their projected pace of rate cuts with the understanding that Trump will be more favorable to the economy through deregulation, corporate tax cuts, and repatriation of jobs. These factors, along with the deportation initiatives, may reignite inflation in the short term. The Center for American Progress puts the undocumented immigrant population in the United States at around 11.3 million, with 7 million of them working (2). To make matters worse, many of these jobs are considered “difficult to fill” and/or “less desirable jobs”. We believe the Federal Reserve felt the need to signal plans to slow rate reductions, after reducing rates in 2024. In September, the median projection for the end of 2025 implied four more rate cuts next year, but the median projection from December’s meeting only projects two more cuts (3). Below is the Federal Reserve’s dot plot, which is a chart that visually represents each member of the Federal Reserve's policymaking committee's projection for where they expect the federal funds rate (the benchmark interest rate) to be over the next few years.
With an election looming and the market going through what has historically been a bearish period for stocks, all eyes are on the Federal Reserve regarding their interest rate policy. The third quarter of 2024 offered positive returns for the S&P 500 of 5.53% (not including dividends) to close the quarter at 5,762.48 (1). The real narrative of Q3 is the emergence of bonds finally complementing stocks and producing a positive return, as illustrated by the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (ticker TLT) being up 6.89% (without dividends) (2). We’ll discuss our active management as well as more thoroughly discuss our fixed income strategy. Additionally, we plan to highlight allocation strategies regarding various asset classes as the Federal Reserve goes through their interest rate decrease cycle, and of course we’ll discuss potential impacts from the election. In our last quarterly review we offered, “We currently expect that rate cut to occur during the fourth quarter of this year, or slightly sooner.” This was far from a bold prediction as most of Wall Street agreed on this timing. Nonetheless, September 18th, 2024, was a huge day for the markets and Moore F.S. as the Federal Reserve reduced rates by .5% (3). However, the rate cut of .5% was slightly higher than the typical .25% cut, leaving some wondering if this was a sign the Federal Reserve should have reduced rates sooner and more gradually. As a reminder, the Federal Reserve had to aggressively increase rates to stomp down inflation that had arisen very quickly, and this rate decrease was a means to normalize rates in response to normalizing inflation data. In the opinion of Moore F.S., the bond market was not only pricing in this normal rate reduction, but additionally pricing in a recession, an event that would even more significantly decrease interest rates. In other words, as time went on without a rate decrease, some feared this meant a “hard landing” was in store for the economy because not only did Jerome Powell drive down inflation, but he potentially drove down growth by leaving rates too high for too long. Moore F.S. stayed true to our belief, and continued to voice a high likelihood of a “soft landing” in which the Federal Reserve’s timing of rate reduction is just right, or at least close enough. In this Goldilocks situation that we forecasted; Americans were earning interest income at a much greater rate given the sudden increase in rates which increases their discretionary spending. In addition, the labor market remained strong, thus keeping the economy very strong and resilient in the face of higher rates. On September 18th, 2024, Jerome Powell stated, “Our economy is strong overall and has made significant progress toward our goals over the past two years. The labor market has cooled from its formerly overheated state. Inflation has eased substantially from a peak of 7 percent to an estimated 2.2 percent as of August. We’re committed to maintaining our economy’s strength by supporting maximum employment and returning inflation to our 2 percent goal. Today, the Federal Open Market Committee decided to reduce the degree of policy restraint by lowering our policy interest rate by ½ percentage point. This decision reflects our growing confidence that with an appropriate recalibration of our policy stance, strength in the labor market can be maintained in a context of moderate growth and inflation moving sustainably down to 2 percent.” (4) We interpret this information to be straightforward and we give the Federal Reserve credit for the transparency it has given regarding policy change. In our opinion the bond market was pricing in a mild recession while the Chairman of the Federal Reserve was giving the message of confidence within the United States economy, it became the opinion of Moore F.S. that appropriate allocation changes needed to be made within our fixed income assets. On September 19th, 2024, we began the process of decreasing duration within our fixed income assets by selling our nearly million dollar position of iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (ticker TLT) and received an approximate price of $98.95 per share. TLT closed the quarter at $98.10 (5). This longer duration debt ETF was generally replaced with the Blackrock Short Duration Bond ETF (ticker NEAR). This decision was reached for two primary reasons. First, we believe that TLT has moved rapidly higher on fears of a recession, not simply the Federal Reserve’s policy change. As rates ease back up as we envision, we believe that shorter duration debt will outperform. In other words, the bond market has gotten a bit ahead of the Federal Reserve. Secondly, TLT offered a yield of about 3.4% compared to the more attractive yield of about 5.14% in NEAR. We aimed to be heavily in long duration debt while interest rates decreased, and now aim to shift into shorter duration holdings. Not all clients hold fixed income funds. Though Moore F.S. tries to stay away from interest rate prognostications, we believe the yield curve will move entirely out of the inverted stage in 2025 as the Federal Reserve moves the Fed Funds rate back to a more normal level. Currently, the curve is still inverted in some areas. We believe banks will be a significant beneficiary of the normalization in interest rates as their lending operations become more profitable. When the yield curve is inverted, profit margins tend to fall for companies that borrow cash at short-term rates and lend at long-term rates, such as community banks (6). In other words, your bank was probably not as excited as you were to see moderate term certificates of deposit paying 4.00% and mortgages written at 6.5% than they would be to see rates on their deposits earning .5% and mortgages written at 5.00%. Simply put, banks care about the spread in interest rates not one given rate. In response to a normalizing yield curve, and potential steepening of the curve, Moore F.S. clients sold broad market ETF’s and purchased Goldman Sachs (ticker GS) within the third quarter. This, like the conversation regarding TLT previously, only applied to some accounts where we viewed this action as appropriate. In addition to the interest margins improving for Goldman Sachs, we see this adjustment as an advantage to investors for two reasons. First, Goldman Sachs offers a better P/E ratio than the broad market at approximately 16. For more information on P/E ratios please see our First Quarter ’24 review in paragraph two where we discuss how P/E ratios influence our management approach. Secondly, Moore F.S. is always attempting to keep expense ratios lower by using single stocks in small weightings when appropriate. We hope this exemplifies the firm working hard to keep your expenses under control, while many other firms might simply use pre-built models, passing that higher cost on to you. We feel it is important to mention that Moore F.S. will never attempt to time markets, but rather react to public information and manage each account individually to the best of our ability. Below charts the spread between two and ten year U.S. treasury obligations, which is generally the spread analyzed The yield curve on September 30th, 2024, showing short term debt obligations paying a higher yield than long term obligations by most technicians. Historically investors have been rewarded with a higher yield for risking their money for a longer duration, but not always. Keep in mind, ultra short rates, such as the three-month treasury obligation offer 4.73% (7), and moderate term rates, such as the ten-year treasury obligation offer 3.81%, as of the last day of the quarter (8). We feel this temporary inversion is holding banks like Goldman Sachs back from their full potential. From the perspective of the stock market and global economy operating smoothly, we view the best election outcome as one with a clear winner, with conventional wisdom offering that a result that drags on for days is bad for markets. With two candidates offering quite contrasting plans and visions, we see corporations as most likely in a holding pattern, waiting for more clarity in variables such as corporate tax rates or manufacturing location incentives. We imagine these are the same corporations that have been in a holding pattern waiting for more clarity on the path of interest rates for the last couple of years. We feel that corporations benefit from stability and clarity, and when those are low, our best chance to manage portfolios appropriately is to not take a side, but rather, feel that our portfolios can benefit from either candidate winning. Once the election is passed, we will plan to craft portfolios in the fourth quarter in preparation for 2025 based on our view of the path of leadership. With another quarter passing by, I want to take a moment to thank you for your continued trust in me as your advisor and remind you that your financial goals are my professional goals. As I continually say, investing on any scale tends to be an emotional experience and I very much try to cushion that emotion for a client, if possible, without becoming too conservative. In other words, I must walk a fine line between selecting assets that blend well to potentially bring correlation or risk down in a portfolio, without including such conservative assets that reduce our chances of hitting your long-term goals. This will be my fourth U.S. presidential election while entrusted to manage assets, and my focus tends to be twofold; not try to predict a winner in my style of investing and to get clients through it. One key take away I have from listening over the years is how people have managed their own money through elections. Though I don’t have solid research or data to back it up, it is my experience that do-it yourself investors often make far too drastic of allocation changes that are far too dependent on the outcome they have predicted. I highly encourage you to take just a moment to think of someone that could benefit from the no pressure advice and strategies that Moore F.S. offers. In today’s transient labor market, everyone knows someone that has transitioned jobs and has left behind 401(k) assets. Think to yourself how those assets might perform sitting there, compared to how they might succeed over long periods of time at Moore F.S. My hope is for you and your family to have another great holiday season and a great end to 2024 between now and my next review. As always, I’m personally just a phone call away if you need anything or have any questions. Tyler A. Moore
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